باورهای کودکان در مورد مرگ | Children’s beliefs about death
در جدول زیر باورهای کودکان در سنین مختلف در مورد مرگ را مشاهده میکنید.
از این بخش در آزمون NCLEX-RN در زیر دامنه ی Health Promotion and Maintenance و زیر مجموعه موضوعی Growth & Development سوالاتی مطرح میگردد.
Children’s beliefs about death | |
Birth to age 2 | No understanding of death. Sensitive to loss & separation; may be distressed by changes in the environment, caregivers & regular routines. |
Age 3-5 | Believes that death is reversible. Thoughts may include magical thinking & fantasy (eg, they wish that a person would die). |
Age 6-9 | Understands the concrete finality of death. Difficulty in perceiving their own death; may be preoccupied with the medical or physical aspects of dying. |
Age 10-12 | Understands that death is final & eventually affects everyone Thinks about how a death will affect them personally. |
Adolescence | Views death on an adult level. Understands that their own death is inevitable, but it is a difficult concept for them to perceive. Able to think about the spiritual & religious aspects of death. |
نمونه سوال در آزمون
The nurse is caring for a preschool-age child whose grandparent died 3 days ago. Which intervention is inappropriate?
- Assign the same nurses and caregivers to the child each day
- Avoid mentioning the loved one’s death in the child’s presence
- Explain the importance of being with the child to the parents
- Schedule time each day for age-appropriate play
The preschool-age (3-5 years) child’s view of death is related to their developmental stage. They believe death is temporary and reversible, similar to a prolonged nap. The child may ask repeatedly when the deceased individual will return, or they may feel guilty and responsible for the death because of their wishes or thoughts (magical thinking).
Talking about the death in simple, accurate terms as often as needed helps the preschool-age child to process their loss. Avoiding discussion of the loved one’s death is not therapeutic and may increase anxiety or cause confusion (Option 2).
(Option 1) Familiar faces are comforting to the child, and consistently assigning the same nurses and caregivers promotes therapeutic relationships and trust.
(Option 3) When considering the idea of death, preschool-age children have significant fear of separation from their parents. Therefore, it is appropriate to explain the importance of remaining with the child as much as possible to the parents.
(Option 4) Play allows the child to cope with grief and provides an outlet to express or work through feelings/experiences that the child may not be able to vocalize.
Educational objective:
Therapeutic interventions for preschool-age children who are experiencing the death of a loved one include providing familiarity (eg, same nurses, parental presence), ensuring that time each day is devoted to play, and speaking openly to the child about the death as often as needed.
