Piaget’s theory of cognitive development | نظریه رشد شناختی پیاژه

جدیدترین آموزش ها

امکان ریست آپشنها در اپلیکیشن ایران یوورلد

به شما کمک میکند تا اپلیکیشن را به حالتی که در روز اول خرید داشت برگردانید.

این امکان زمانی به کار می آید که یک دور بصورت کامل تمامی تستها را زده باشید و بخواهید مجددا کل تستها و یا بخشی از آن را مرور کنید.

شاید این قابلیت برای شما در ابتدا عجیب به نظر بیاید اما هنگامی که متوجه شوید بدون داشتن امکان ریست آپشن مرور برای شما چقدر سخت میشود آن را دست کم نمیگیرید.

فرض کنید شما تمامی تستهای اپلیکیشن را زده اید و نیاز دارید تا مجددا تست زنی کنید، سیستم اپلیکیشن به نحوی طراحی شده است که شما در هر بار که آزمون میسازید نمیتوانید بیش از 85 تست را در یک آزمون فراخوانی کنید، حال اگر یک دسته بندی دارای 150 تست باشد (مثل بخش قلبی عروقی بزرگسالان) شما ابتدا یک آزمون 85 سواله میسازید و شروع به تست زنی میکنید اما تستهای باقی مانده چی ؟

آیا میتوانید بدون اینکه تستهای تکراری آزمون قبل را مشاهده کنید یک آزمون 65 سواله (سوالهای باقیمانده بخش قلبی: 150-85=65) ایجاد کرده و با خیال آسوده و عدم از دست دادن زمان مرور را ادامه دهید؟ خیر، متاسفانه سیستم بصورت رندوم این تستهارا برای شما انتخاب میکند و احتمالا بیش از 60% سوالات آزمون دوم شما در آزمون قبل بوده، حال چاره چیست ؟ ریست کردن آپشنها در این بخش به کمک شما می آید

این امکان تعداد سوالات زده نشده ی شمارا ( مود unused ) برابر با تعداد کل سوالات موجود میکند و اینک شما قادر خواهید بود تا با انتخاب مود unused فقط سوالاتی را مشاهده کنید که تا کنون نزده اید، بدیهی است که در ابتدای روز اول کار با اپلیکیشن نیز تعداد سوالات زده نشده شما در مود unused برابر با کل سوالات یا Total Available میباشد.

جهت مشاهده توضیحات تکمیلی ویدیوی زیر را مشاهده نمایید.

خرید یوورلد

شاید شما هم تا کنون شنیده باشید با خوندن یوورلد UWORLD میتوانید آزمون NCLEX-RN پرستاری را پاس کنید.

کاملا درست شنیدید!

اما در ایران دسترسی به این منبع از وبسایت اصلیش تقریبا با قیمتهای بالایی که داره ( 6 ماه 329 دلار ) کار سختیه، از این رو مجموعه مدیکال ساینس برای اولین بار اپلیکیشن uworld پرستاری جهت آمادگی آزمون nclex-rn کشورهای امریکا، کانادا، استرالیا و انگلستان و… رو بومی سازه کرده که از سال 1401 تا کنون بیش از 2000 نفر با استفاده از این اپ تونستن قبول بشن و آزمون nclex-rn رو پاس کنند.
در زیر تصویر پیامهای برخی از این کاربران رو مشاهده میکنین و برای دیدن پیامهای بیشتر قبولی میتونین به کانال ما به ادرس @IRANUWorld مراجعه کنید.

متاسفانه گروه هایی هم هستن که در ایران اقدام به فروش این سوالات میکنن که اکثرا وقتی کاربرها ازشون خرید میکنن از کیفیتشون ناراضی هستن و به ما میگن نه پشتیبانی قوی ای دارن و نه سوالاتشون در محیط شبیه به اپ اصلی هست، مدیکال ساینس توصیه میکنه گول این افراد سودجو رو نخورید و فقط با تحقیق گسترده اقدام به خرید کنید.

جهت خرید از مجموعه ما میتونین در هر ساعتی به شماره 09124246135 تماس بگیرید و راهنمایی بشید.

با آرزوی قبولی در آزمون nclex-rn برا شما پرستاران
محمد حسین ابروی

مدیر مجموعه مدیکال ساینس | شرکت شایستگان دنیای هوشمند

برخی داروهای قلبی و عوارض جانبی عمده

چند دسته داروی قلبی | طبقه بندی و عوارض آنها که در آزمون NCLEX-RN مورد سوال از شما پرستاران قرار میگیرد.

Drug classes & major adverse effects
Beta blockers (carvedilol)	Bradycardia Bronchospasm Hypotension Depression Erectile dysfunction
ACE inhibitors (captopril)	Dry cough Hypotension Reflex tachycardia Hyperkalemia Angioedema
Sulfonylureas (glipizide)	Hypoglycemia Diaphoresis Headache Hunger Tachycardia Confusion Disulfiram-like reaction*
Thyroid replacement (levothyroxine)	Symptoms of hyperthyroidism Diarrhea Weight loss Palpitations Tachycardia Sweating Heat intolerance
*May occur if combined with alcohol.

نمونه سوال:

The nurse reviews the ECG of a client. Which prescribed medication should the nurse suspect as the cause of the ECG findings?

1. Captopril

2. Carvedilol

3. Glipizide

4. Levothyroxine

This client has sinus bradycardia, a cardiac dysrhythmia with the same characteristics as normal sinus rhythm on ECG except for a rate of <60/min. Causes of sinus bradycardia include:

Medications (eg, beta blockers [carvedilol], calcium channel blockers, digoxin) (Option 2)
Vagal stimulation (eg, carotid sinus massage, Valsalva maneuver)
Medical conditions (eg, hypothyroidism, myocardial infarction, increased intracranial pressure)

Sinus bradycardia may also occur normally in athletes due to increased vagal tone resulting from regular exercise and in clients in relaxed states (eg, sleeping). All clients with sinus bradycardia should be assessed for symptoms of inadequate perfusion (eg, chest pain, syncope, hypotension, shortness of breath). Asymptomatic clients may require no intervention except continued monitoring.

(Options 1, 3, and 4) Adverse effects of ACE inhibitors, sulfonylureas, and thyroid replacement therapy include tachycardia rather than bradycardia.

Educational objective:
Causes of sinus bradycardia include medications (eg, beta blockers), vagal stimulation, and certain medical conditions (eg, hypothyroidism, myocardial infarction). Sinus bradycardia may also occur normally in athletes due to increased vagal tone resulting from regular exercise and in clients in relaxed states (eg, sleeping). Sinus bradycardia may require no intervention unless the client experiences symptoms of inadequate perfusion.

sinus bradycardia

standard vaccine schedule | برنامه استاندارد واکسن

جدول واکسیناسیون مورد سوال در آزمون NCLEX-RN پرستاری

نمونه سوال آزمون NCLEX-RN در مورد واکسیناسیون در زیر موضوع Infectious Disease و تاپیک HIV

The nurse is caring for a 12-month-old client who is HIV-positive and severely immunosuppressed. Which of the following scheduled immunizations should the nurse anticipate administering to the client? Select all that apply.

Haemophilus influenzae type b
Hepatitis A
Measles, mumps, rubella
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Varicella

Routine immunization is particularly beneficial to children who are HIV-positive as they are more susceptible to preventable diseases due to a compromised immune system. However, live vaccines are contraindicated in clients with severe immunosuppression (eg, chemotherapy, HIV). Live attenuated vaccines contain a weakened form of a disease-causing organism that elicits an immune response to create antibodies without experiencing the symptoms of disease. Clients with severe immunosuppression generally should not receive live vaccines due to the body’s limited ability to prevent virus multiplication, which could potentially result in severe vaccine-induced illness.

The nurse should anticipate administering non-live immunizations in accordance with the standard vaccine schedule for a 12-month-old child. This includes Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis A, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccinations (Options 1, 2, and 4).

(Options 3 and 5) The varicella and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines are live. The nurse should anticipate holding these vaccines until the client is no longer severely immunocompromised.

Educational objective:
Children who are HIV-positive and not severely immunocompromised can receive routine childhood immunizations. However, live vaccines (eg, measles, mumps, and rubella; varicella) are contraindicated in clients with severe immunosuppression due to the risk for vaccine-induced illness.

پاسخ سوالات آزمون کورسهای Infection control و Child abuse

کورسهای پیش نیاز بورد نیویورک شامل دو آزمون Infection control و Child Abuse میباشد که شما به هنگام ثبت نام در سایت NYSED بایستی مدرکی که دال بر گذرانده شدن این کورسها توسط شما میباشد را در سایت بارگذاری کنید.

نمونه سرتیفیکیت آزمون چایلد ابیوز Child abuse که توسط مدیکال ساینس برای کاربر محترم مجموعه گذرانده شده است را در زیر مشاهده میکنید.

جدیدا پاسخ نامه آزمون child abuse در سایت nyrequirenment تغییراتی داشته است، لذا مدیکال ساینس بر آن شد تا پاسخ نامه این دو آزمون یعنی کنترل عفونت و کودک آزاری را در سایت قرار دهد تا شما داوطلبان آزمون nclex-rn با استفاده از آن بتوانید این کورسهارا براحتی pass کنید.

پاسخ نامه آزمون Child abuse:

پاسخنامه آزمون Infection Control:

با آرزوی موفقیت و پیروزی شما در گذراندن کورسهای پیش نیاز ثبت نام بورد نیویورک.

Glasgow Coma Scale | مقیاس کمای گلاسکو

Glasgow Coma Scale یا مقیاس کمای گلاسکو

در جدول زیر نمره های مقیاس کمای گلاسکو را که در آزمون NCLEX-RN مورد پرسش قرار میگیرد را مشاهده میکنید.

Glasgow Coma Scale
(E)ye opening (Maximum = 4)	4 – Spontaneous (open with blinking at baseline)
	3 – To speech
	2 – To pain only
	1 – None
	(C – Not assessable [eg, trauma, edema])
(V)erbal response (Maximum = 5)	5 – Oriented
	4 – Confused (converses but confused, disoriented)
	3 – Inappropriate (inappropriate words)
	2 – Incomprehensible (sounds, no words)
	1 – None
	(T – Not assessable [intubated])
(M)otor response (Maximum = 6)	6 – Obeys commands for movement
	5 – Localizes to pain
	4 – Withdraws from pain
	3 – Flexion in response to pain (decorticate posturing)
	2 – Extension in response to pain (decerebrate posturing)
	1 – None
Use best response for each category (range = 3-15). Coma: Does not open eyes, does not follow commands, and does not utter understandable words; Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) 3-8. Head injury classification: Mild, GCS 13-15; moderate, GCS 9-12; severe, GCS ≤8.

NCLEX-RN نمونه سوال از مقیاس کمای گلاسکو در آزمون-

The nurse is triaging clients at the site of a manufacturing plant explosion. Which of the following clients should the nurse ensure is transported to the hospital first?

1.	a client who has a laceration on the left lower arm
2.	a client who has an open fracture of the right tibia and an absent right pedal pulse
3.	a client who has partial-thickness burns on both of the hands
4.	a client who has a large, open head wound and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3

During a mass casualty event, the goal of the nurse is to triage rapidly and provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Clients are commonly triaged using a color-coded system and placed into 4 categories. When prioritizing clients for treatment, emergent needs should be managed first, followed by urgent and then nonurgent. The client with an open fracture and impaired distal perfusion (eg, absent distal pulses, capillary refill >3 sec) has an emergent need for care as limb loss may occur without rapid intervention (Option 2).

(Option 1) Depending on the size and depth of the laceration, this client would most likely be categorized as nonurgent or urgent.

(Option 3) Nonurgent treatment is appropriate for the client with partial-thickness burns to a small portion of the body (eg, hands).

(Option 4) A large, open head wound and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3 is indicative of severe neurological trauma. This client has a poor prognosis regardless of treatment (ie, expectant) and would be the lowest priority.

Educational objective:
During a mass casualty event, the goal is the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Clients are triaged rapidly using a color-coded system that establishes them with highest medical priority to lowest: red (emergent), yellow (urgent), green (nonurgent), and black (expectant).

باورهای کودکان در مورد مرگ | Children’s beliefs about death

باورهای کودکان در مورد مرگ | Children’s beliefs about death

در جدول زیر باورهای کودکان در سنین مختلف در مورد مرگ را مشاهده میکنید.

از این بخش در آزمون NCLEX-RN در زیر دامنه ی Health Promotion and Maintenance و زیر مجموعه موضوعی Growth & Development سوالاتی مطرح میگردد.

Children’s beliefs about death
Birth to age 2	No understanding of death. Sensitive to loss & separation; may be distressed by changes in the environment, caregivers & regular routines.
Age 3-5	Believes that death is reversible. Thoughts may include magical thinking & fantasy (eg, they wish that a person would die).
Age 6-9	Understands the concrete finality of death. Difficulty in perceiving their own death; may be preoccupied with the medical or physical aspects of dying.
Age 10-12	Understands that death is final & eventually affects everyone Thinks about how a death will affect them personally.
Adolescence	Views death on an adult level. Understands that their own death is inevitable, but it is a difficult concept for them to perceive. Able to think about the spiritual & religious aspects of death.

نمونه سوال در آزمون

The nurse is caring for a preschool-age child whose grandparent died 3 days ago. Which intervention is inappropriate?

Assign the same nurses and caregivers to the child each day
Avoid mentioning the loved one’s death in the child’s presence
Explain the importance of being with the child to the parents
Schedule time each day for age-appropriate play

The preschool-age (3-5 years) child’s view of death is related to their developmental stage. They believe death is temporary and reversible, similar to a prolonged nap. The child may ask repeatedly when the deceased individual will return, or they may feel guilty and responsible for the death because of their wishes or thoughts (magical thinking).

Talking about the death in simple, accurate terms as often as needed helps the preschool-age child to process their loss. Avoiding discussion of the loved one’s death is not therapeutic and may increase anxiety or cause confusion (Option 2).

(Option 1) Familiar faces are comforting to the child, and consistently assigning the same nurses and caregivers promotes therapeutic relationships and trust.

(Option 3) When considering the idea of death, preschool-age children have significant fear of separation from their parents. Therefore, it is appropriate to explain the importance of remaining with the child as much as possible to the parents.

(Option 4) Play allows the child to cope with grief and provides an outlet to express or work through feelings/experiences that the child may not be able to vocalize.

Educational objective:
Therapeutic interventions for preschool-age children who are experiencing the death of a loved one include providing familiarity (eg, same nurses, parental presence), ensuring that time each day is devoted to play, and speaking openly to the child about the death as often as needed.

آرشیو ها

دسته بندی ها

نظریه رشد شناختی پیاژه

در طی جدول زیر نظریه رشد شناختی پیاژه را میتوانید مطالعه کنید.

این جدول مطالب مورد نیاز شما برای پاسخ دادن به سوالات مربوط به رشد شناختی پیاژه را درآزمون NCLEX-RN پرستاری ارائه میکند.

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development
Age (approximate)	Cognitive developmental stage	Characteristics
Birth to 2 years	Sensorimotor	Learning by sense & movement, exploration, early verbal skills
2 to 7 years	Preoperational	Improved language, poor causality (eg, magical thinking), egocentrism
7 to 11 years	Concrete operational	Able to reason if concrete objects are used to teach
11+ years	Formal operational	Abstract thinking & reasoning

نمونه سوال مربوط به نظریه رشد شناختی پیاژه در وبسایت UWorld

The nurse is talking with the parent of a 5-year-old client about how to share details of the client’s adoption. Which of the following thought processes would be consistent with the expected cognitive development of the client?

1. Defies adoptive parents and seeks information about birth parents

2. Feels responsible for being placed for adoption

3. Imagines what life would be like with the biological family

4. Worries about what peers will say or think about being adopted

Explanation

Correct answer : 2

Children age 2-7 are in Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive development. Children in the preoperational stage are developmentally capable of understanding adoption on a basic level; however, it may be difficult for them to understand the concept of having another family.

At age 5, children may be unable to fully understand cause and effect (ie, poor causality) and therefore ascribe inappropriate causes to phenomena (eg, scraped knee was caused by earlier misbehavior). Children in the preoperational stage who are adopted may believe they are responsible for being adopted and can develop separation anxiety and a fear of abandonment (Option 2).

(Options 1 and 4) Adolescents have abstract thinking abilities that enable introspection about their adoption, which may result in seeking additional information about birth parents, defiance toward adoptive parents, or worrying about what peers will think. Open and honest communication is important at this age.

(Option 3) School-age children have concrete thinking abilities and may imagine how life would be different with their biological parents. They may be sensitive to physical differences between themselves and their adoptive family and feel a sense of loss when thinking of their biological family.

Educational objective:
Children age 2-7 are in Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive development and therefore often ascribe inappropriate causes to phenomena. Children in the preoperation stage who are adopted may feel personally responsible for being placed for adoption.

Health Promotion and Maintenance

NCSBN Client Need

Medical Science

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development | نظریه رشد شناختی پیاژه

جدیدترین آموزش ها

امکان ریست آپشنها در اپلیکیشن ایران یوورلد

به شما کمک میکند تا اپلیکیشن را به حالتی که در روز اول خرید داشت برگردانید.

نمونه سوال:

جدول واکسیناسیون مورد سوال در آزمون NCLEX-RN پرستاری

نمونه سوال آزمون NCLEX-RN در مورد واکسیناسیون در زیر موضوع Infectious Disease و تاپیک HIV

پاسخ نامه آزمون Child abuse:

پاسخنامه آزمون Infection Control:

آرشیو ها

دسته بندی ها

نظریه رشد شناختی پیاژه

نمونه سوال مربوط به نظریه رشد شناختی پیاژه در وبسایت UWorld

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